Boswellic acids are the active compounds found in the resin of the Boswellia serrata tree, commonly known as Indian frankincense. Their use to support joint health is backed by both traditional Ayurvedic medicine and emerging scientific evidence. Several clinical studies have investigated the effects of Boswellia extracts, standardized to boswellic acid content, on joint conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Results from randomized, placebo-controlled trials indicate that Boswellia supplementation may help reduce joint pain, improve function, and decrease inflammation in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and other joints. The proposed mechanism involves inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, which are mediators of inflammation. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses generally find modest but statistically significant improvements in pain and joint function compared to placebo, though the quality and size of studies vary. Adverse effects are typically mild and infrequent. While more high-quality research is needed to establish optimal dosing and long-term safety, current scientific evidence moderately supports the use of boswellic acids as a natural adjunct for joint support, particularly in osteoarthritis.