Purple willow (Salix purpurea) has been traditionally used in European herbal medicine for its pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties, especially in the context of supporting joint health. The bark of willow species, including purple willow, contains salicin, a chemical compound that is metabolized in the body to salicylic acid—closely related to the active ingredient in aspirin. This gives willow bark its reputation for alleviating symptoms associated with joint discomfort, such as those caused by osteoarthritis and lower back pain.

Scientific studies, particularly on Salix alba (white willow), have shown that standardized willow bark extracts can reduce pain and improve function in people with osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal complaints. While most clinical trials focus on white willow, Salix purpurea also contains significant amounts of salicin and other phenolic glycosides, suggesting similar potential benefits. However, the evidence for purple willow specifically is less abundant and less robust than for white willow.

Overall, the use of willow bark, including purple willow, for joint support is justified both by tradition and by a moderate level of scientific evidence. The European Medicines Agency and various herbal pharmacopeias recognize willow bark as a traditional herbal remedy for mild joint pain. Still, the evidence for efficacy is not as strong or consistent as for conventional pharmaceuticals, and more high-quality research on purple willow specifically is needed.