Sarsaparilla has a long history of traditional use for supporting joint health and managing symptoms associated with joint discomfort, such as in arthritis and rheumatism. The roots of various species of sarsaparilla (Smilax spp.) have been used in traditional herbal medicine systems, particularly in Central and South America, as well as in traditional Western herbalism, for their reputed anti-inflammatory and "blood purifying" properties. Historical records from the 16th and 17th centuries mention sarsaparilla as a popular remedy for joint pain and as an ingredient in formulas for rheumatic conditions.

However, scientific validation for these uses is limited. Some laboratory and animal studies have identified saponins, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals in sarsaparilla that may have anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory effects, but robust clinical trials in humans are lacking. The available evidence does not conclusively demonstrate that sarsaparilla is effective for joint support in humans. Most claims rest on long-standing traditional use rather than modern scientific proof. As a result, while sarsaparilla continues to be included in some joint support supplements, its efficacy remains primarily supported by historical belief and anecdotal reports.