Pedalium murex, commonly known as "Pedalium," has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Unani for the management of kidney stones (urolithiasis). In these systems, Pedalium is often prescribed as a diuretic and lithotriptic agent (a substance believed to help dissolve or expel urinary stones). The traditional rationale is that increased urine flow and certain phytochemical actions might help in the prevention or expulsion of kidney stones.

While there are a handful of preclinical studies (mostly in vitro or in animal models) that suggest potential antiurolithiatic effects—such as reducing the formation of calcium oxalate crystals—these findings have not been robustly confirmed in well-controlled human clinical trials. The active compounds thought to contribute include various flavonoids, saponins, and other phytoconstituents that may have diuretic or crystal-inhibiting properties.

Overall, the use of Pedalium for kidney stones is primarily justified by traditional practice and limited laboratory evidence. The scientific evidence in humans is weak or lacking, resulting in a moderate-low evidence score. Further clinical studies are needed to substantiate its efficacy and safety in this context.