Beta-galactosidase, commonly known as lactase, is the enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing lactose—a disaccharide found in dairy products—into its constituent sugars, glucose and galactose. In individuals with lactose intolerance, there is a deficiency or absence of endogenous lactase enzyme in the small intestine, leading to malabsorption of lactose and gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, cramping, and diarrhea upon dairy consumption.

The use of exogenous beta-galactosidase (usually derived from microbial sources such as Aspergillus oryzae or Kluyveromyces lactis) as a supplement or as a food additive to pre-digest lactose is well-supported by scientific evidence. Numerous randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have demonstrated that oral supplementation with beta-galactosidase can significantly reduce symptoms of lactose intolerance when taken with dairy foods. The enzyme can be administered as pills, chewable tablets, or drops that are added to milk products before consumption. Clinical guidelines from organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recognize lactase enzyme supplementation as an effective management strategy for lactose intolerance.

In summary, the use of beta-galactosidase to support or treat lactose intolerance is strongly justified by scientific validation and is widely recommended in clinical practice based on robust evidence of efficacy and safety.