Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of growth factors involved in angiogenesis, wound healing, and embryonic development. Their use in supporting or treating ligament injuries is primarily justified by preclinical and some early clinical scientific evidence. FGFs (especially FGF-2, also known as basic FGF) have been shown in animal models to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts, which are crucial for the synthesis of collagen and extracellular matrix components necessary for ligament repair. Studies in rats and rabbits have demonstrated that exogenous application of FGF-2 can enhance the healing rate and improve the biomechanical strength of injured ligaments. This has been attributed to increased cellularity, vascularity, and better organization of collagen fibers in the healing tissue.

Human clinical evidence is more limited. Some early-phase clinical trials and case reports suggest potential benefit, but large-scale, well-controlled studies are lacking. FGFs are not yet a standard therapy for ligament injuries, and their use is mostly experimental or as part of tissue engineering strategies (such as in combination with scaffolds or stem cells). The evidence, while promising, is not yet robust enough for routine clinical recommendation, but there is sufficient preclinical and mechanistic support to justify ongoing research in this area.

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