Pimpinella, particularly Pimpinella anisum (anise), has been traditionally used in various cultures to support respiratory health and the lungs. Historical texts and traditional medicine systems, such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda, have employed Pimpinella species for their purported expectorant and antitussive properties. The seeds and extracts have been used to help soothe coughs, ease bronchial irritation, and promote the expulsion of mucus. The rationale for these uses is primarily based on folk practices and centuries of anecdotal evidence rather than rigorous scientific validation.

Modern scientific studies on Pimpinella's effects specifically on lung function are limited and mostly preclinical. Some laboratory and animal studies suggest that anise oil and its constituents (such as anethole) may have mild bronchodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial actions, which could theoretically benefit respiratory conditions. However, these findings are preliminary and have not yet been substantiated by robust human clinical trials. Therefore, while tradition strongly supports its use for lung health, the current level of scientific evidence is modest and does not allow for firm conclusions regarding efficacy or mechanisms.

In summary, Pimpinella's use for supporting the lungs is rooted in traditional herbal practice, with limited modern research offering only tentative support. Its evidence rating is 2 out of 5, reflecting mostly historical use and a few early-stage scientific studies.