Chinese Mountain Ant (commonly Polyrhachis vicina) is primarily used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), where it is known as Ma Yi. In TCM, ants are considered a tonic and are believed to support the immune system, strengthen the body, and promote longevity. Their use for "swollen lymph nodes" or glandular issues is rooted in the broader traditional concept of resolving "toxicity," reducing "dampness," and enhancing "qi" (vital energy) circulation. Practitioners may recommend Chinese Mountain Ant as part of herbal formulas intended to address swellings or lumps, which TCM sometimes attributes to "phlegm" or stagnation of qi and blood. However, these recommendations are based on traditional theories rather than modern anatomical or pathological understanding of the lymphatic system.

Scientific validation for the use of Chinese Mountain Ant specifically for swollen lymph nodes or glandular swelling is lacking. While some laboratory studies have explored immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of ant extracts, these studies do not directly address or validate efficacy for lymph node swelling in humans. No clinical trials exist to support its use for this condition. Thus, the evidence is rooted in tradition rather than science, and the strength of evidence is very low.