Evidence supporting the use of: Anchovies
For the health condition: Macular Degeneration

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Anchovies are a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which have been studied in relation to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Scientific interest in the role of omega-3s in eye health is largely based on the fact that DHA is a major structural fat in the retina, and omega-3s have anti-inflammatory properties that may help protect retinal cells from degeneration.

Several observational studies, such as those reported in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and other large cohort analyses, have found that higher dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids is associated with a lower risk of developing advanced AMD. Anchovies, being high in these nutrients, are thus often recommended as part of a healthy diet for individuals concerned about eye health.

However, randomized clinical trials have produced mixed results. The AREDS2 trial, for instance, found that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids did not significantly reduce the progression to advanced AMD when compared to placebo. Despite this, dietary intake (as opposed to supplementation) may still confer some benefit, possibly due to the presence of other nutrients in fish or synergistic effects within a balanced diet.

In summary, the use of anchovies to support macular degeneration is scientifically plausible based on their omega-3 content, and there is moderate observational evidence supporting their benefit, but robust evidence from randomized controlled trials is lacking. Thus, anchovies are recommended as part of a healthy diet but not as a standalone treatment for AMD.

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