Desmodium gangeticum has a longstanding place in traditional medicine systems, particularly in Ayurveda, where it is known as "Shalparni". Historically, it has been used as part of polyherbal formulations to treat fever and related symptoms, including those associated with malaria. The rationale behind its use appears to be its antipyretic (fever-reducing), anti-inflammatory, and general tonic properties, rather than specific anti-malarial activity. Several ethnobotanical surveys from regions such as India and Southeast Asia report the use of Desmodium gangeticum for fever and malaria-like symptoms in folk practice.

Scientifically, there is limited evidence supporting its direct efficacy against Plasmodium species (the parasites responsible for malaria). A few preliminary in vitro studies have suggested some antiplasmodial activity in extracts of the plant, but these studies are not extensive and do not provide robust clinical validation. No major clinical trials have confirmed its effectiveness against malaria in humans. Therefore, while its use is well documented in traditional medicine for fever and possibly malaria, contemporary scientific support is weak, and it should not be relied upon as a primary treatment for malaria.