Cucurbita species, particularly Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin), have a history of use in supporting male reproductive health, mainly relating to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms. Scientifically, pumpkin seed oil and extracts have been investigated in both animal and human studies for their effects on the prostate and urinary function. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses suggest that pumpkin seed oil may help reduce symptoms associated with BPH, such as frequent urination and nocturia, likely due to its phytosterol content and anti-inflammatory properties (Vahlensieck et al., 2014). Some studies also indicate that pumpkin seed extract can improve parameters related to male fertility, such as sperm quality and testosterone levels, but the clinical evidence here is less robust (Gossell-Williams et al., 2006).

While traditional medicine has also used pumpkin seeds for urinary and reproductive health, modern scientific research provides a moderate level of support, particularly for prostate-related benefits. However, more large-scale, high-quality clinical trials are needed to firmly establish the efficacy and clarify the mechanisms of action. Overall, the evidence base is strongest for BPH symptom support, with less clear but plausible benefits for other aspects of male reproductive health.