Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, have been investigated for their roles in supporting the male reproductive system, especially with respect to sperm quality, motility, and overall fertility. Scientific studies have demonstrated that PUFAs are essential components of sperm cell membranes, contributing to membrane fluidity and integrity, which are critical for normal sperm function. Several observational and interventional studies have linked higher dietary intake or supplementation of omega-3 PUFAs (such as EPA and DHA) with improved semen parameters, including increased sperm count, motility, and morphology. Some clinical trials have reported that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids can improve sperm quality in subfertile men, although not all studies are consistent, and some meta-analyses suggest only modest benefits.

Mechanistically, PUFAs possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which may help protect sperm from oxidative stress, a known factor in male infertility. Research on omega-6 PUFAs is less clear, as an imbalance favoring omega-6 over omega-3 may be detrimental. While there is moderate scientific evidence supporting the use of PUFAs, particularly omega-3s, for male reproductive health, more large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to firmly establish their efficacy and to determine optimal dosages.

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