Pumpkin seed oil has a history of use in traditional medicine for supporting the male reproductive system, particularly prostate health. Scientifically, several studies have investigated its potential benefits, primarily focusing on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common condition in aging men that affects urinary and reproductive function.

Research suggests that pumpkin seed oil may exert beneficial effects on the prostate due to its rich content of phytosterols, essential fatty acids, and antioxidants. Some clinical trials have shown that supplementation with pumpkin seed oil can help reduce symptoms of BPH, such as urinary frequency, nocturia, and urgency. For example, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in Urology (2009) reported that men with BPH experienced significant improvement in symptoms after taking pumpkin seed oil extract for 12 months. The mechanism is thought to involve inhibition of 5-alpha reductase, an enzyme involved in the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is implicated in prostate enlargement.

However, while there is promising evidence, the number and size of clinical trials remain limited, and results are sometimes inconsistent. There is a need for larger, longer-term studies to better establish efficacy and optimal dosing. In summary, pumpkin seed oil is supported by both traditional use and moderate scientific evidence for male reproductive and prostate health, but it is not considered a definitive therapy.