Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), have garnered scientific interest for their potential to support memory and brain function. Phospholipids are essential components of cell membranes, especially in neural tissue, where they play a role in maintaining cell structure and facilitating cellular signaling. Several clinical studies have investigated the effects of supplemental phospholipids, particularly PS, on cognitive function. For example, randomized controlled trials in elderly individuals with memory complaints have shown that PS supplementation (typically sourced from soy or bovine cortex) may improve some aspects of memory, attention, and cognitive processing speed. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), however, concluded that while PS might have some positive effects, the evidence is not strong enough to establish a clear cause-effect relationship for the general population.

Phosphatidylcholine, as a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, is also theorized to support brain function, but evidence from clinical trials is less consistent than for PS. Most benefits are observed in populations with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia rather than in healthy adults. Overall, the scientific evidence supporting phospholipids for memory and brain function is promising but not definitive, warranting a moderate evidence rating. While use is based on biological plausibility and some clinical data, more rigorous, large-scale trials are required to firmly establish efficacy.

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