Evidence supporting the use of: Pyrroloquinoline quinone
For the health condition: Memory and Brain Function

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a redox cofactor and antioxidant found in various foods and has been investigated for its effects on memory and brain function. Scientific interest in PQQ arises from preclinical studies suggesting it may protect neurons from oxidative stress and stimulate nerve growth factor synthesis. Animal studies have shown that PQQ supplementation can enhance memory and cognitive performance, possibly by reducing inflammation and protecting mitochondrial function in the brain.

However, human clinical evidence is limited and primarily consists of small-scale studies. A few randomized, placebo-controlled trials in older adults have reported modest improvements in attention and cognitive function when PQQ is taken alone or in combination with Coenzyme Q10. For example, a 2009 study found that 20 mg/day PQQ for 12 weeks improved some measures of cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly subjects. Nevertheless, these studies have methodological limitations, including small sample sizes and short durations.

Currently, the evidence for PQQ’s efficacy in supporting memory and brain function in humans is weak to moderate, with most data coming from animal experiments and limited clinical trials. There is insufficient high-quality research to conclusively support its use for memory or brain health, and it is not broadly recommended by major medical organizations. Therefore, while there is some scientific rationale and preliminary clinical evidence, the overall support for PQQ’s cognitive benefits in humans is limited.

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Products containing pyrroloquinoline quinone

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