Evidence supporting the use of: African Snakeroot
For the health condition: Mental Illness

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3

African Snakeroot (Rauvolfia vomitoria) has a long history of traditional use in various African medicinal systems, particularly for supporting mental health and treating symptoms associated with mental illness, such as agitation, anxiety, and psychosis. The roots of Rauvolfia species, including the more widely studied Indian snakeroot (Rauvolfia serpentina), have been used for centuries in traditional medicine across Africa and Asia. The main active compound, reserpine, was first isolated from Rauvolfia serpentina and later from R. vomitoria, and it has known effects on the central nervous system, including sedative and antipsychotic properties. In the 1950s, reserpine became one of the first pharmaceuticals used in Western medicine to manage hypertension and certain psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. However, its use was largely discontinued due to significant side effects, including depression and extrapyramidal symptoms.

While there is some scientific understanding of how Rauvolfia alkaloids impact neurotransmitter levels, the evidence base for African snakeroot specifically in the management of mental illness is limited and derives mostly from its traditional use and extrapolation from research on related species. Modern clinical trials on R. vomitoria for mental health are lacking. Therefore, the evidence is rooted primarily in tradition with some historical pharmacological validation, justifying a moderate evidence score.

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