Astragaloside, a major active component of Astragalus membranaceus, has been investigated for its potential benefits in metabolic syndrome, primarily through preclinical studies. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a cluster of conditions such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity. Several animal studies suggest that astragaloside may exert beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles. The proposed mechanisms include modulation of inflammatory cytokines, improvement of antioxidant status, and enhancement of insulin signaling pathways.

For example, astragaloside IV—the most studied form—has been shown in rodent models to reduce fasting blood glucose, attenuate insulin resistance, and improve lipid abnormalities. These effects are thought to be mediated by downregulation of pro-inflammatory pathways (such as NF-κB), upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, and protection of pancreatic β-cells.

However, evidence in humans is extremely limited. Most studies are preclinical, and well-designed clinical trials are lacking. Therefore, while there is some scientific rationale and preliminary data supporting its use, the quality and quantity of evidence are currently insufficient to make strong clinical recommendations. The rating reflects the promise shown in laboratory and animal models, but the absence of robust human data limits the confidence in its use for metabolic syndrome at this time.