California chia (Salvia columbariae), though less studied than its relative Salvia hispanica (common chia), is used similarly due to its rich content of dietary fiber, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, an omega-3 fatty acid), protein, and polyphenols. Seeds from both species are consumed in traditional diets, but scientific interest has focused on their potential benefits for metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions including obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance.

Most scientific evidence regarding chia and metabolic syndrome is derived from studies on Salvia hispanica. Randomized controlled trials and animal studies have shown that chia seed supplementation can modestly improve lipid profiles (e.g., lowering triglycerides and increasing HDL cholesterol), reduce blood pressure, and improve glycemic control in some populations. The high fiber content aids in satiety and glycemic regulation, while ALA and other phytochemicals may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects relevant to metabolic syndrome. However, direct high-quality clinical data on Salvia columbariae are limited, and much of the rationale for its use is extrapolated from the broader chia literature.

In summary, scientific support for chia seeds (primarily S. hispanica) in metabolic syndrome is moderate, with a growing but not definitive body of evidence. The evidence for California chia specifically is less robust but biologically plausible due to similar nutrient composition.