Guggulsterones are bioactive compounds derived from the resin of the Commiphora mukul tree, traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine. In recent decades, there has been scientific interest in guggulsterones for their potential to support metabolic health, particularly in the context of metabolic syndrome—a cluster of conditions including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension.

Preclinical studies have shown that guggulsterones can modulate lipid metabolism, notably by acting as antagonists of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), which plays a role in cholesterol homeostasis and bile acid regulation. Some animal studies and small clinical trials suggest guggulsterones may lower total cholesterol and triglycerides, and improve certain parameters of metabolic syndrome. However, results across human studies have been inconsistent, with some larger trials failing to show significant benefit, or finding only modest effects. Safety concerns, including potential hepatotoxicity and interactions with other medications, have also been raised.

Overall, while there is a scientific rationale and some preliminary evidence supporting the use of guggulsterones for aspects of metabolic syndrome, the quality and consistency of the evidence is limited. Larger, well-controlled human trials are lacking, and current guidelines do not recommend guggulsterones as standard therapy for metabolic syndrome. Thus, the evidence is rated as 2/5.