High amylose polysaccharide, particularly high-amylose maize starch (HAMS), has been investigated for its potential benefits in the management of metabolic syndrome due to its high content of resistant starch (RS). Resistant starch is not digested in the small intestine and instead ferments in the colon, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, which are believed to have favorable metabolic effects.

Several randomized controlled trials and animal studies have shown that diets enriched with high-amylose polysaccharides can improve markers of metabolic syndrome, including insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and lipid profiles. These effects are attributed to improved gut microbiota composition and reduced inflammation. For example, a 2015 randomized, double-blind, crossover trial published in Diabetologia found that resistant starch supplementation improved insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese men. Other studies have demonstrated reductions in postprandial glucose and insulin responses and improvements in cholesterol levels.

However, the overall quality and consistency of the evidence is moderate. While benefits have been observed, results are sometimes heterogeneous and dependent on study design, population, and dosage. More long-term and large-scale human trials are needed to conclusively establish high amylose polysaccharide's role in treating metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, current evidence provides a scientific rationale for its use as a dietary adjunct to support metabolic health.