Isoalantolactone is a sesquiterpene lactone primarily isolated from plants such as Inula helenium (elecampane). Recent preclinical studies suggest that isoalantolactone may have beneficial effects on aspects of metabolic syndrome, especially due to its anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Several in vitro and animal studies have shown that isoalantolactone can modulate pathways involved in glucose metabolism, lipid accumulation, and inflammation. For example, research published in 2020 demonstrated that isoalantolactone improved insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in insulin-resistant adipocytes by modulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory activity, via NF-κB inhibition, may contribute to reduced systemic inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome components.

However, evidence is limited to laboratory and animal models; there are no published clinical trials in humans evaluating isoalantolactone for metabolic syndrome or its individual components (such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or central obesity). Its use for this condition is not a part of traditional medicine, nor are there authoritative recommendations for its use in clinical practice. Therefore, while there is some scientific rationale and preclinical data supporting possible benefit, the evidence remains preliminary, and the overall rating for its support in metabolic syndrome is low.