Pycnogenol, an extract derived from the bark of the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), has been investigated for its potential benefits in migraine management. The proposed mechanisms involve its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as its ability to improve endothelial function and microcirculation. These properties are thought to influence migraine pathophysiology, particularly by stabilizing vascular tone and reducing oxidative stress, both of which are implicated in migraine attacks.

Scientific evidence for Pycnogenol’s effectiveness in migraine is limited but emerging. A few small, open-label and pilot studies have suggested that Pycnogenol supplementation may decrease the frequency and severity of migraine attacks, particularly in adolescents and individuals with high oxidative stress. For example, a 2013 study (Panossian et al.) found that adolescents with migraines who took Pycnogenol experienced reduced frequency and intensity of attacks compared to controls. However, these studies often suffer from methodological limitations such as small sample sizes, lack of blinding, and short duration.

Currently, there are no large-scale, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials definitively establishing Pycnogenol's efficacy for migraine prevention or treatment. As such, while scientific rationale and preliminary evidence exist, the overall quality and quantity of supporting data are modest. Pycnogenol should not replace established migraine therapies, but may be considered as an adjunct in consultation with a healthcare provider.