The use of Vitamin D for migraine prevention and support is primarily grounded in emerging scientific research, rather than long-standing traditional use. Several observational studies and a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported an association between low serum vitamin D levels and increased frequency or severity of migraines. Some small-scale interventional studies have suggested that vitamin D supplementation may reduce migraine frequency or intensity, particularly in individuals with documented vitamin D deficiency. Proposed mechanisms include vitamin D's role in modulating neuroinflammation, immune responses, and pain pathways, which are thought to be involved in migraine pathophysiology.

However, the overall quality of evidence is limited. Many studies are small, heterogeneous in design, and sometimes use vitamin D in combination with other nutrients, making it difficult to isolate its true effect. Meta-analyses highlight a possible benefit but also emphasize the need for larger, well-designed RCTs. Major headache societies currently do not recommend vitamin D supplementation as a primary or stand-alone treatment for migraine, except in cases of deficiency. Thus, while scientific interest is growing and preliminary evidence is suggestive, the strength of the evidence is moderate to low at this time.