Adenosine is a nucleoside that plays a fundamental role in cellular energy transfer as a component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is produced by mitochondria and is the main energy currency of the cell. Scientific studies have shown that adenosine is involved in many cellular processes, including the regulation of mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and cellular signaling. Adenosine and its receptors (particularly the A1 and A2A receptors) can influence mitochondrial activity, helping to modulate ATP production, oxidative stress, and cellular protection during metabolic stress or injury (PMID: 27932944).

There is also evidence from research on ischemia-reperfusion injury, neuroprotection, and cardiac function that adenosine can help maintain mitochondrial integrity and reduce damage caused by oxidative stress. However, most of the evidence comes from basic science studies or experimental models, rather than large clinical trials. Adenosine is not typically used as a dietary supplement specifically to "support mitochondria" in healthy individuals, but its physiological role is well-established. Clinical use of adenosine is mainly for cardiac arrhythmias, not mitochondrial support.

In summary, while adenosine’s central role in mitochondrial function is scientifically established, the direct use of adenosine as a supplement for mitochondrial support in humans is not robustly supported by clinical trials, but the underlying mechanisms are well understood.