Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of glutamine, cysteine, and glycine, and is one of the most important intracellular antioxidants, particularly within the mitochondria. Scientific evidence supports its role in mitochondrial health primarily through its function in neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining redox balance. Mitochondria generate ROS as byproducts of ATP production, and excessive ROS can damage mitochondrial DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to impaired energy production and cell death. Glutathione, present in high concentrations inside mitochondria, directly detoxifies ROS and is also a cofactor for mitochondrial enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase. Deficiency in mitochondrial glutathione has been linked to a range of disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic syndromes.

Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as some clinical research, indicate that boosting glutathione levels can protect mitochondrial function during oxidative stress. For example, animal models of Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative conditions have demonstrated that glutathione supplementation or precursors can reduce mitochondrial dysfunction. Human data are less extensive but suggest that glutathione status correlates with mitochondrial health, especially in aging and chronic disease. However, the bioavailability of oral glutathione remains a concern, and most benefits have been observed using precursors like N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or through intravenous administration. Overall, the scientific basis for glutathione’s support of the mitochondrial system is strong, though more large-scale clinical trials are needed.

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Other body systems supported by Glutathione

Blood
Brain
Eyes
Immune System
Intestinal System
Kidneys
Liver
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Mitochondria
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Products containing Glutathione

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