Evidence supporting the use of: Inosine
For the body system: Mitochondria
Synopsis
Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2
Inosine is a nucleoside that has been investigated for its potential to support mitochondrial function, primarily due to its role as a precursor to adenosine, which is integral to cellular energy transfer (ATP production). Scientific studies have explored inosine's effects in various neurological and metabolic conditions, especially those involving mitochondrial dysfunction, such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Some preclinical studies suggest that inosine may enhance ATP synthesis, reduce oxidative stress, and support neuronal survival. However, clinical trials in humans have yielded mixed results, and there is currently limited direct evidence that inosine supplementation provides significant or consistent benefits for mitochondrial health in otherwise healthy individuals. Its main clinical investigation has been to elevate uric acid levels as an antioxidant strategy, which may indirectly support mitochondrial integrity, but this approach carries its own risks (e.g., gout). In summary, while there is a scientific rationale and some supportive data from in vitro and animal studies, the overall quality and quantity of evidence in humans is modest, warranting a low to moderate rating.
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amylopectin
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bovine liver
caffeine
catechins
citicoline
coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
coffee fruit
copper
creatine monohydrate
d-alpha tocopherol
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
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fish oil
flavonols
fructose
fruit and vegetable blend (proprietary)
glycerophosphocholine (GPC)
gooseberry
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greens blend (proprietary)
hesperetin
knotweed
krill oil
l-carnitine
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l-citrulline
l-glutathione
l-glycine
l-taurine
lentinula edodes mycelia
linoleic acid (LA)
liquid liver fractions
luteolin
mackerel
magnesium
maitake mushroom
malic acid
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manganese
maqui berry
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matcha
medium chain triglycerides (MCT)
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niacinamide (vitamin B3)
nicotinamide riboside
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pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)
phenolic acids
phosphatidylcholine
pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P-5-P)
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quercetin
quinoa
resveratrol
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riboflavin (vitamin B2)
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selenium
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spinach
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succinic acid
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thiamin (vitamin B1)
tocotrienols
trans-geranylgeraniol
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tributyrin
turkey tail mushroom
ubiquinol
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vegetable and fruit blend (proprietary)
vitamin B
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vitamin D3
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Alpha polylactate
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Caffeic Acid
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