Polydatin, also known as piceid, is a natural precursor of resveratrol found in the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum and other plants. There is growing scientific interest in its potential to support mitochondrial function. Preclinical studies, primarily in cell cultures and animal models, have shown that polydatin exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are believed to protect mitochondria from oxidative stress—a major factor in mitochondrial dysfunction. Some research indicates that polydatin can improve mitochondrial biogenesis (the process by which new mitochondria are formed) and enhance mitochondrial energy metabolism. For example, studies in rodents have demonstrated that polydatin can protect against mitochondrial damage induced by toxins or ischemia, and may improve cellular ATP production.

However, while these findings are promising, most of the evidence to date comes from preclinical models, not large-scale human clinical trials. There is limited direct evidence of polydatin's effectiveness in supporting mitochondrial health in humans. Nevertheless, the biological plausibility based on its structural similarity to resveratrol and its observed effects in laboratory settings contribute to its use as a mitochondrial support ingredient in dietary supplements. Further research, especially well-designed human studies, is needed to fully establish its efficacy and safety for this purpose.