Withanolides are a group of naturally occurring steroidal lactones found primarily in the plant Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). There is emerging scientific interest in the potential of withanolides to support mitochondrial function. Preclinical studies (mainly in vitro and animal models) have shown that withanolides may enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and improve mitochondrial function, possibly through modulation of oxidative stress and upregulation of antioxidant defenses. For example, some studies suggest that withanolides can increase the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and reduce markers of mitochondrial dysfunction in models of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic stress.

However, robust clinical evidence in humans is currently lacking. Most of the available data are from laboratory research, and direct clinical trials evaluating mitochondrial outcomes in humans supplemented with withanolides are scarce. The traditional use of Ashwagandha is primarily as an adaptogen and to support stress resilience, rather than specifically for mitochondrial health. Therefore, while preliminary scientific evidence points toward a potential role in mitochondrial support, the quality and quantity of clinical evidence are limited, resulting in a modest evidence rating.

In summary, withanolides have some scientific backing for mitochondrial support based on preclinical research, but more human studies are needed to confirm their efficacy for this specific application.