Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are bioactive lipid compounds derived from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, including resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Their principal role is to resolve inflammation and promote tissue repair, rather than simply suppressing inflammation like traditional anti-inflammatories. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune, neuroinflammatory disease characterized by immune-mediated damage to the central nervous system. Preclinical studies, primarily in animal models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have demonstrated that SPMs can reduce neuroinflammation, demyelination, and immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system. For example, research has shown that administration of resolvin D1 or protectin D1 can attenuate disease severity in EAE mice by modulating cytokine profiles and promoting regulatory T-cell responses.

However, direct clinical evidence supporting SPM supplementation as a treatment for MS in humans is minimal. Most human data are indirect, focusing on the general anti-inflammatory properties of SPMs or their role in other chronic inflammatory diseases. Consequently, while there is a compelling immunological rationale and supportive animal data, robust clinical trials in MS patients are lacking. Therefore, the evidence for SPMs in the treatment of MS is rated as limited (2/5). Ongoing research may clarify their therapeutic potential in the future, but presently, SPMs are not a standard or widely recommended treatment for MS.

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