Evidence supporting the use of: Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG)
For the health condition: Muscle Tone (lack of)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key intermediate in the Krebs (citric acid) cycle, which is central to cellular energy production. Its use to support muscle tone or muscle mass is grounded mainly in its biological role and a growing, though still preliminary, body of scientific literature. Some research has explored AKG supplementation in the context of muscle wasting conditions, aging, and exercise recovery. Preclinical studies (in rodents) have shown that AKG can reduce muscle protein breakdown and may help preserve lean body mass, particularly under stress conditions such as fasting or illness. A handful of small human studies and clinical trials have investigated AKG (often in combination with other amino acids) in the context of critical illness, recovery from surgery, or aging, sometimes finding modest benefits in muscle protein synthesis or nitrogen balance. However, robust, large-scale randomized controlled trials specifically examining AKG for improving muscle tone in healthy individuals or those with mild muscle weakness are lacking. Therefore, while there is a plausible biochemical rationale and some supportive evidence, the clinical data are not yet strong or comprehensive. Its use for muscle tone is best considered as "scientific" but with a low evidence rating due to the limited scope and quality of available research.

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