Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Phytocannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), have attracted scientific interest for their potential role in supporting or improving muscle tone, particularly in the context of conditions characterized by spasticity or muscle stiffness (such as multiple sclerosis, MS). The endocannabinoid system, which phytocannabinoids modulate, is involved in regulating neuromuscular function. Research suggests that cannabinoids interact with CB1 and CB2 receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems, influencing neurotransmitter release and potentially reducing hyperactive muscle contractions.

Clinical evidence is most robust for the use of cannabis-based medicines (such as nabiximols, a standardized oromucosal spray containing THC and CBD) in treating spasticity in MS. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated moderate effectiveness in reducing patient-reported muscle spasticity and improving related symptoms, although objective measures of spasticity often show smaller benefits. The evidence for other causes of abnormal muscle tone (such as hypotonia or spasticity from cerebral palsy, stroke, or spinal cord injury) is less established, with only limited or preliminary studies available. Safety profiles are generally acceptable, though psychoactive effects and other side effects may occur, especially with THC-containing preparations.

Overall, there is moderate scientific support for the use of certain phytocannabinoids in managing muscle tone abnormalities, primarily spasticity, especially in MS. Further research is needed to clarify their role in other conditions and in addressing muscle tone deficits (hypotonia) rather than excess tone (spasticity).

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