Evidence supporting the use of: Cannabinoids
For the health condition: Nausea and Vomiting

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Cannabinoids, particularly delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and nabilone, have scientific validation for the treatment of nausea and vomiting, especially when related to chemotherapy. Numerous clinical trials and systematic reviews have demonstrated that cannabinoids are effective in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients who do not respond to conventional antiemetics. Both dronabinol (synthetic THC) and nabilone are approved by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. FDA for this specific indication. The mechanism behind their antiemetic effect is thought to involve the activation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1) in the central nervous system, which modulates the vomiting reflex. Early research in the 1970s and 1980s established the efficacy of cannabinoids compared to placebo and, in some cases, compared to older antiemetic agents. More recent meta-analyses confirm that cannabinoids are moderately effective, though their use may be limited by side effects such as dizziness, dysphoria, and sedation. There is less robust evidence for use in other types of nausea, such as that associated with pregnancy or gastrointestinal disorders, and cannabinoids are not generally recommended in those settings. Overall, the scientific evidence is strongest for refractory CINV, justifying a high evidence rating for this particular use.

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