Baicalin is a flavonoid compound isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis (Chinese skullcap), a traditional herbal medicine. Its use for nephritis (kidney inflammation) is supported by both traditional use in Chinese medicine and a growing but still limited body of scientific research. Preclinical studies, primarily in animal models and cell cultures, suggest that baicalin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-fibrotic effects that may protect renal tissue and ameliorate nephritis. For example, studies have shown that baicalin can suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α and IL-6), inhibit oxidative stress, and reduce histopathological damage in models of glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis.

However, the majority of these findings come from laboratory and animal research. There is a lack of large-scale, high-quality human clinical trials directly demonstrating baicalin’s efficacy in treating nephritis. Some small clinical studies in China have suggested potential benefit, but these are generally considered preliminary. The mechanism of action is thought to involve modulation of NF-κB signaling and reduction of immune-mediated damage. Despite promising early results, more rigorous research—including randomized controlled trials in humans—is needed to firmly establish baicalin’s role in nephritis management. Thus, the scientific evidence currently rates as modest (2 on a 0-5 scale).