Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Betel leaf (Piper betle) has a long-standing history of use in traditional medicine, particularly in South and Southeast Asian cultures. In the context of oral surgery and oral health, betel leaves have traditionally been used as a remedy for mouth ulcers, gum infections, and to promote wound healing after dental procedures. This traditional use is largely attributed to the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties ascribed to the various phytochemicals present in betel leaves, such as chavicol, eugenol, and hydroxychavicol. In folk practice, fresh betel leaves are sometimes applied directly to the oral cavity or chewed, with the belief that they help cleanse wounds and reduce pain or swelling.

While some in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated antimicrobial and wound-healing properties of betel leaf extracts, the clinical evidence supporting its use specifically in oral surgery patients is limited and not robust. Most of the available data are anecdotal or derived from small-scale studies lacking rigorous controls. Moreover, the traditional use of betel leaf must be distinguished from the carcinogenic risks associated with betel quid (which includes areca nut and lime); the leaf itself is not classified as carcinogenic, but its habitual use in combination with other substances increases oral cancer risk. Overall, the use of betel in oral surgery is justified by tradition rather than strong scientific evidence.

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