Lactobacillus plantarum is a probiotic bacterium that has been investigated for its potential to support oral health, particularly in the context of oral surgery and postoperative recovery. Several clinical studies have shown that probiotics, including L. plantarum, may help reduce postoperative infections, inflammation, and promote healing following oral surgical procedures such as tooth extractions or periodontal surgery.

The proposed mechanisms by which L. plantarum exerts beneficial effects include modulation of the oral microbiota, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, enhancement of local immune response, and reduction of inflammatory cytokines. Randomized controlled trials, though limited in number, have reported that topical or systemic administration of L. plantarum can decrease postoperative pain, swelling, and the risk of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) compared to placebo. For example, a 2016 study published in the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery found that patients who received probiotics after third molar extraction experienced improved healing and reduced complications.

While the evidence base is growing, it is not yet robust or entirely conclusive. Most studies have small sample sizes, and there is some heterogeneity in the probiotic strains and formulations used. Therefore, current evidence justifies a moderate level of support (rating: 3/5) for the use of L. plantarum as an adjunct in oral surgery recovery, but larger, high-quality trials are still needed to confirm its efficacy and establish standardized protocols.