Evidence supporting the use of: Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG)
For the health condition: Osteoporosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is investigated for its potential benefits in bone health, particularly osteoporosis, based on its roles in cellular energy metabolism, collagen synthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Preclinical studies (mainly in animals) suggest that AKG supplementation may improve bone mineral density and support bone formation. Mechanistically, AKG serves as a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, supports osteoblast differentiation, and can influence collagen production, which is essential for bone matrix integrity. Some studies in rodents indicate that AKG can reduce bone loss in models of osteoporosis, especially under conditions like ovariectomy (a model for postmenopausal osteoporosis).

However, human clinical data are limited. There are only a few small-scale studies or pilot trials involving humans, and while some report improved markers of bone turnover, there is no strong evidence showing reduced fracture risk or robust increases in bone mineral density attributable directly to AKG in people with osteoporosis. Therefore, although the theoretical rationale is sound and animal data are promising, the lack of large, well-controlled clinical trials means the evidence supporting AKG for osteoporosis is still weak. Most major medical guidelines do not recommend AKG as a standard therapy for osteoporosis. In summary, AKG’s use for osteoporosis is scientifically motivated but only weakly supported by current human evidence.

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