Evidence supporting the use of: Cyanidin-3-glucoside
For the health condition: Osteoporosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a prominent anthocyanin found in various dark-colored fruits and vegetables, has been the subject of preclinical studies regarding bone health and osteoporosis. Scientific interest in C3G stems from its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are hypothesized to influence bone remodeling. Several animal studies have demonstrated that C3G supplementation can suppress osteoclastogenesis (the process by which bone is broken down) and promote osteoblast activity (bone formation), potentially mitigating bone loss. For example, a 2014 study in mice reported that C3G administration reduced bone loss induced by ovariectomy—a model for postmenopausal osteoporosis—by modulating the RANKL/OPG pathway, which is central to bone metabolism. In vitro studies using bone cell cultures further support these findings, showing reduced markers of bone resorption and improved markers of bone formation after C3G exposure.

However, clinical evidence in humans is lacking. To date, there are no robust randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of C3G or C3G-rich foods on osteoporosis risk or bone mineral density in humans. Thus, while the mechanism is plausible and there is promising preclinical data, the evidence base is not strong enough to recommend C3G as a treatment or preventive agent for osteoporosis outside of experimental contexts.

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