Flavanones, a subclass of flavonoids found abundantly in citrus fruits (such as hesperidin, naringin, and eriocitrin), have been investigated for their potential role in supporting bone health and preventing or treating osteoporosis. Several preclinical studies in animal models and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that flavanones can positively influence bone metabolism. These compounds have shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and some studies suggest they may stimulate osteoblast (bone-forming cell) activity while inhibiting osteoclast (bone-resorbing cell) activity. For example, hesperidin has been reported to improve bone density and microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats, a common model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Mechanistically, flavanones appear to modulate signaling pathways involved in bone turnover, such as the RANKL/OPG pathway, and may also affect hormonal regulation related to bone health.

However, evidence in humans is still limited. Some small clinical trials and observational studies have found associations between higher dietary intake of flavanones and improved bone mineral density, but results are not yet conclusive, and larger, well-controlled trials are needed. Currently, the use of flavanones for osteoporosis is supported by promising preclinical data and some preliminary human evidence, but they are not established as standard therapy for this condition. Thus, while there is scientific rationale and moderate evidence for their benefit, more robust human studies are necessary to confirm efficacy and safety.