Evidence supporting the use of: Icariin
For the health condition: Osteoporosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Icariin, a flavonoid glycoside and the major active component of Epimedium (commonly known as "Horny Goat Weed"), has been studied for its potential role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, particularly in preclinical models. In vitro and animal studies suggest that icariin can stimulate osteoblast (bone-forming cell) activity and inhibit osteoclast (bone-resorbing cell) differentiation, likely through pathways including BMP-2/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, and estrogen receptor signaling. These mechanisms may contribute to increased bone formation and decreased bone loss. Several studies in ovariectomized rats, a common model for postmenopausal osteoporosis, have shown that icariin supplementation can increase bone mineral density and improve bone microarchitecture.

However, while preclinical data are promising, high-quality clinical trials in humans are limited. A small number of human studies, often with methodological limitations such as small sample sizes and lack of blinding, suggest possible benefits but do not provide conclusive evidence. As such, icariin’s use for osteoporosis is scientifically plausible and supported by animal and cell studies, but robust clinical validation is lacking. Regulatory agencies do not currently approve icariin for osteoporosis treatment. Therefore, the evidence rating is moderate to low (2/5), reflecting promising but preliminary scientific support, rather than established clinical efficacy.

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Products containing icariin

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