Evidence supporting the use of: Isoflavone (unspecified)
For the health condition: Osteoporosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Isoflavones are plant-derived compounds, primarily found in soy, that exhibit estrogen-like activity and are classified as phytoestrogens. Their potential to support bone health, particularly in postmenopausal women at increased risk of osteoporosis, has attracted scientific interest. The rationale is based on the similarity of isoflavones to endogenous estrogen, which plays a critical role in bone metabolism; after menopause, declining estrogen levels contribute to bone loss. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have examined isoflavone supplementation's effect on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers. Some studies report modest improvements in BMD or reductions in bone resorption, especially in postmenopausal women, but findings are inconsistent and often limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneity of isoflavone preparations, or short study durations. A 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis found that isoflavone supplementation resulted in a small but statistically significant increase in lumbar spine BMD, though the clinical relevance remains uncertain and effects on fracture risk are unproven. Major guidelines do not currently endorse isoflavones as a primary or sole therapy for osteoporosis due to insufficient evidence of efficacy and safety for long-term use. In summary, there is some scientific investigation and modest evidence supporting isoflavones for bone health, but the effect size is small and clinical benefit for osteoporosis management is not firmly established.

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