Evidence supporting the use of: Polyphenol (unspecified)
For the health condition: Osteoporosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Polyphenols, a diverse group of naturally occurring compounds found in plants (such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans), have drawn scientific interest for their potential effects on bone health and osteoporosis. Several in vitro studies and animal models suggest that polyphenols may promote osteoblast activity (bone formation) and inhibit osteoclast differentiation (bone resorption), possibly through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Some epidemiological studies have associated higher dietary polyphenol intake (often from fruits, vegetables, tea, and soy) with better bone mineral density (BMD) and reduced fracture risk, though results are not always consistent. Clinical evidence in humans is limited and generally of low to moderate quality. A few small randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed polyphenol-rich foods or extracts (such as green tea polyphenols, soy isoflavones, or olive polyphenols) and found modest improvements in markers of bone turnover and, in some cases, BMD. However, these effects are not robust or uniformly replicated, and most studies use specific polyphenols rather than "polyphenol (unspecified)" as a category. There is insufficient high-quality evidence to recommend polyphenols as a primary therapy for osteoporosis, but there is emerging support for their potential benefit as part of an overall healthy diet. Current guidelines do not formally endorse polyphenol supplementation for osteoporosis prevention or treatment.

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