Polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 fatty acids like EPA and DHA, have been investigated for their potential role in bone health and the management of osteoporosis. Scientific interest stems from the observation that dietary fats can influence bone metabolism through effects on inflammation, calcium absorption, and the activity of bone-forming (osteoblast) and bone-resorbing (osteoclast) cells. Some studies suggest omega-3 PUFAs exhibit anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce bone loss, as chronic inflammation is a contributing factor in osteoporosis. Animal models have shown that diets enriched with omega-3 PUFAs can enhance bone mass and improve bone strength.

However, human clinical evidence remains limited and inconsistent. While several observational studies have linked higher PUFA intake—especially omega-3s—with improved bone mineral density or reduced fracture risk, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have produced mixed results. Some RCTs show modest benefits, while others report no significant effect. The evidence is stronger for omega-3 PUFAs than for omega-6 PUFAs, and the overall effect size is generally small.

In summary, there is some scientific rationale and preliminary evidence supporting the use of polyunsaturated fats, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, for osteoporosis, but current evidence is not robust or conclusive. More high-quality human trials are needed to determine efficacy and optimal dosing. Thus, the evidence rating is 2 out of 5.