Evidence supporting the use of: Vitamin K (Mixed)
For the health condition: Osteoporosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Vitamin K, particularly in its K2 form (menaquinone), has been studied for its potential role in bone health and the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis. The scientific rationale is based on Vitamin K’s role as a cofactor for the carboxylation of osteocalcin, a protein essential for binding calcium in bone tissue. Some observational studies and randomized controlled trials suggest that higher intakes or supplementation of Vitamin K2 are associated with improved bone mineral density and a reduction in fracture risk, especially in postmenopausal women. For example, several Japanese studies have shown that high-dose Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-4) supplementation can reduce fracture incidence in osteoporotic patients. Meta-analyses have generally found modest, but statistically significant, benefits for bone health parameters with Vitamin K supplementation, particularly K2 rather than K1. However, the overall quality of evidence is moderate, with some trials failing to show benefit and considerable heterogeneity in study design, participant populations, dosage, and forms of Vitamin K used. Most clinical guidelines do not currently recommend Vitamin K supplementation as standard therapy for osteoporosis, but it is an area of active research. Thus, while there is a plausible biological mechanism and moderate scientific support, the evidence is not robust enough for widespread clinical endorsement.

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