Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems, particularly in Asia, for managing blood sugar and supporting pancreatic health. Scientifically, several preclinical and clinical studies have explored the efficacy of bitter melon in relation to diabetes and pancreatic function. The fruit contains bioactive compounds such as charantin, vicine, and polypeptide-p, which have demonstrated hypoglycemic effects in animal models and some human trials. These compounds are believed to enhance insulin secretion, improve glucose uptake, and potentially protect pancreatic beta-cells from damage.

A number of small-scale clinical trials have reported reductions in fasting blood glucose among individuals with type 2 diabetes who consumed bitter melon preparations. However, results are mixed, with some studies failing to show significant improvements compared to placebo. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicate that while there is some scientific support for bitter melon's effects on glycemic control, the quality of evidence is moderate and more rigorous, large-scale studies are needed.

In summary, bitter melon is supported by both traditional use and an emerging body of scientific research for its potential effects on pancreatic function, specifically in the context of glycemic regulation. However, the evidence is not yet robust enough for unequivocal recommendations, resulting in an evidence rating of 3 out of 5.