Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3

Holarrhena antidysenterica, also known as Kutaja or Indrajao, has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic and other South Asian medicinal systems for the treatment of intestinal parasites, including nematodes and worms. The stem bark, seeds, and root bark are the parts most commonly employed for their anthelmintic (anti-parasitic) properties. Historical texts such as the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita mention its use for "krimi roga" (worm infestations) and other gastrointestinal complaints. Ethnobotanical surveys across India and Southeast Asia confirm its longstanding use as a remedy for intestinal worms in both humans and livestock.

While the tradition is strong, there is some supportive scientific research. Several in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that extracts of Holarrhena antidysenterica possess anthelmintic activity, causing paralysis and death of nematodes such as Pheretima posthuma and Ascaris lumbricoides. The activity is thought to be due to alkaloids such as conessine and other steroidal compounds present in the bark and seeds. However, high-quality clinical trials in humans are lacking, and most evidence is preclinical. Thus, its use is primarily justified by tradition, though the evidence base is being strengthened by emerging scientific research.

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