Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene found in many essential oils, such as clove and black pepper. Its use for Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is primarily justified by preclinical scientific research rather than tradition. BCP acts as a selective agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), which is mainly expressed in immune cells and glial cells in the brain. Activation of CB2 receptors has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. In several animal models of PD, BCP administration has demonstrated the ability to reduce neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra—a hallmark of PD pathology. For example, studies in rodent models (e.g., MPTP- or 6-OHDA-induced PD) have shown that BCP can ameliorate motor deficits and preserve motor neuron function, likely via CB2-mediated pathways.

However, while these preclinical findings are promising, there are currently no robust clinical trials in humans confirming its efficacy or safety for treating PD. Most of the evidence stems from in vitro experiments and animal studies. Therefore, while there is a growing body of preliminary scientific support, the overall level of evidence is still weak (rated 2/5), and clinical validation is needed before BCP can be recommended for PD therapy. Individuals considering BCP for PD should consult with healthcare professionals and not substitute it for established treatments.

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