Evidence supporting the use of: Cysteine compounds (unspecified)
For the health condition: Parkinson's Disease

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Cysteine compounds, particularly N-acetylcysteine (NAC), have been investigated for their potential to support or treat Parkinson's Disease (PD), primarily due to their antioxidant properties. The scientific rationale stems from the role of oxidative stress and glutathione depletion in the pathogenesis of PD. Cysteine is a precursor for glutathione synthesis, and NAC is a well-tolerated supplement that increases brain glutathione levels. Several small-scale clinical studies and preclinical animal models have suggested that NAC may improve mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate dopamine levels. For example, a 2016 pilot clinical trial (Holmay et al.) found that intravenous and oral NAC increased brain and blood glutathione levels in PD patients. Another small randomized controlled trial (Monti et al., 2019) reported improvements in dopamine transporter binding and self-reported symptoms. However, these studies are limited by small sample sizes, short durations, and methodological constraints. There is currently insufficient evidence from large, well-controlled clinical trials to definitively recommend cysteine compounds for PD. Thus, while there is a scientific basis for interest and some early-stage human data, the quality and quantity of evidence supporting their use in PD remain low to moderate, and further research is needed.

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