Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Phytocannabinoids, especially cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), have been investigated for their potential to support or treat symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). The scientific justification is based on the endocannabinoid system’s role in modulating neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection, which are relevant to PD pathology. Preclinical studies in animal models have shown that cannabinoids may protect dopaminergic neurons and reduce neuroinflammation. Small-scale human trials and observational studies have reported improvements in certain motor symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity) and non-motor symptoms (e.g., sleep disturbances, pain, quality of life) in some PD patients using phytocannabinoids, particularly CBD. However, the body of evidence is limited. Most human studies are small, open-label, or lack rigorous controls, and results are often inconsistent. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses conclude that while phytocannabinoids are generally well tolerated, there is insufficient high-quality evidence to support their routine use for PD symptom management. Large, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify efficacy, safety, dosing, and long-term effects. Traditionally, cannabis has not been documented as a treatment for PD, as the disease was only formally recognized in the early 19th century. Thus, current use is driven by emerging scientific interest and patient-reported outcomes rather than historical precedent. In summary, the scientific rationale exists, but clinical evidence to date is weak to moderate, warranting further research.

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