Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5

Bovine kidney was historically used in the treatment of pernicious anemia, and its use is grounded in scientific discovery. Pernicious anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, often due to impaired absorption from lack of intrinsic factor. In the 1920s, George Whipple, George Minot, and William Murphy discovered that feeding large amounts of raw liver or other organ meats (including kidney) to patients with pernicious anemia led to dramatic improvement. Subsequent research identified vitamin B12 as the active compound responsible for this therapeutic effect, and animal organs like liver and kidney are rich in this vitamin.

The use of bovine kidney, specifically, is justified by its high concentration of vitamin B12, similar to liver. Before the isolation and synthesis of vitamin B12, extracts of these organs were the main therapy for pernicious anemia, and patients often consumed raw or cooked organ meat as a life-saving intervention. Today, purified vitamin B12 injections or oral supplements are the standard of care, but the historical use of bovine kidney has strong scientific validation, as it directly addressed the underlying deficiency. Thus, the use of bovine kidney for pernicious anemia is both traditional and scientifically justified, earning the highest evidence rating prior to the advent of modern pharmaceuticals.

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