2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL) is a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) that has been extensively studied for its role in infant nutrition and immune system development. Scientific evidence indicates that 2′-FL can influence the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), of which Peyer’s patches are a key component. Peyer’s patches are lymphoid follicles located in the small intestine that play a critical role in immune surveillance and the development of immune tolerance.

Several preclinical and clinical studies suggest that 2′-FL modulates immune responses by promoting beneficial gut microbiota, enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids, and supporting the maturation of immune cells in the gut. Animal studies have shown that dietary 2′-FL can increase the number and function of immune cells within Peyer’s patches, such as dendritic cells and B cells, which are important for the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA). Additionally, 2′-FL has been shown to reduce inflammatory responses and improve gut barrier function, both of which are relevant to the health and function of Peyer’s patches.

While direct human data specifically linking 2′-FL to improved Peyer’s patch function are limited, the available evidence from animal models and mechanistic studies supports the plausibility of its beneficial effect on this component of the GALT. Therefore, scientific validation exists, but the overall evidence strength is moderate, warranting a rating of 3 out of 5.